Novel Urinary Protein Biomarkers Predicting the Development of Microalbuminuria and Renal Function Decline in Type 1 Diabetes.
Source
Center for Proteomics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
Abstract
OBJECTIVETo define a panel of novel protein biomarkers of renal disease.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSAdults with type 1 diabetes in the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes study who were initially free of renal complications (n = 465) were followed for development of micro- or macroalbuminuria (MA) and early renal function decline (ERFD, annual decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate of ≥3.3%). The label free proteomic discovery phase was conducted in 13 patients who progressed to MA by the 6-year visit and 11 control subjects, and four proteins (Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein, α-1 acid glycoprotein, clusterin, and progranulin) identified in the discovery phase were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 74 subjects: group A, normal renal function (n = 35); group B, ERFD without MA (n = 15); group C, MA without ERFD (n = 16); and group D, both ERFD and MA (n = 8).RESULTSIn the label free analysis, a model of progression to MA was built using 252 peptides, yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of 84.7 ± 5.3%. In the validation study, ordinal logistic regression was used to predict development of ERFD, MA, or both. A panel including Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (odd ratio [OR] 2.9, 95% CI 1.3-6.2, P = 0.008), progranulin (1.9, 0.8-4.5, P = 0.16), clusterin (0.6, 0.3-1.1, P = 0.09), and α-1 acid glycoprotein (1.6, 0.7-3.7, P = 0.27) improved the AUC from 0.841 to 0.889.CONCLUSIONSA panel of four novel protein biomarkers predicted early renal damage in type 1 diabetes. These findings require further validation in other populations for prediction of renal complications and treatment monitoring.
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